Here we are in the midst of a pandemic. The entire world is basically closed with most people on some kind of “shelter-at-home” order. Stores and businesses not deemed essential are closed and shelves in grocery stores are empty or in short supply. Although we are staying home as much as possible we have had to get groceries a few times over the past month. I can’t remember the last time I saw toilet paper available. Now I hear commercial yeast is selling out. At the moment, it looks like it’s available online but shipping is taking much longer than the 2-days for which we’ve become accustomed.

In the meantime, we’re all “stuck” at home and eager to learn new skills. And everyone is trying their hand at sourdough. Right now there are 2.8 million Instagram posted with the hashtag “sourdough”. I’m sure I contributed a few of those. With millions (billions?) of people staying at home combined with commercial yeast shortages and the willingness to forego store-bought bread in order to avoid grocery stores altogether, we have the perfect conditions for a surge in home bakers. To be honest, I feel the ability to create a sourdough starter and turn water, flour, and air into a loaf of bread is a vital skill even without a pandemic looming.

Recently, I created an Instagram series showing how you can make a starter and turn it into bread. I’ve taken those clips and uploaded them to our YouTube channel so it’s easier to follow and reference later. Someone asked for written directions so I’m making this updated sourdough post since the recipe I show is slightly different than the one I wrote about in this post over two years ago.

What makes this tutorial different than most is that I start off the whole process by creating a fruit water ferment. This water is then mixed with flour to kinda kickstart the sourdough starter. For me, this was a game-changer in my own quest for sourdough bread that wasn’t shaped like a giant hockey puck. You know the ones…they taste great but you can’t make a sandwich out of it because it’s as flat as a pancake…and mostly crust. So, I offer you this tutorial in the hopes that it makes your experience positive and gets you on the road to making really good sourdough bread.

A few grievances…I’ve seen a ton of tutorials, listened to podcasts, and read a lot of blogs regarding sourdough. Most will tell you that you HAVE to use reverse osmosis water, or filtered water, or spring water, or some other special water in order to make sourdough. They also say you HAVE to use bread flour or a particular (and expensive) brand of flour that may require ordering online or making yet another trip to the store. I’ve been baking bread for several years now. As a matter of fact, I bake 18-20 loaves for the Farmer’s Market every week and I sell out. All of my sourdough has been made with tap water…shocker, I know. It’s also been made with 100% local flour from our small town’s mill. Yep, my whole wheat and my white, all-purpose flour come from Cortez Milling Co.

Now, that’s not to say that I wouldn’t see differences (good or bad) in taste, texture, or rise if I tried other types of water of flour. But it does mean that you don’t have to wait until the stars align to begin your sourdough journey. JUST START WITH WHAT YOU HAVE!!

Day One: In a quart-size mason jar (or similar non-metallic container) add 1-2 cut up apples (peels and all) OR some apple peels, banana peel, a few raisins or other dried fruit. Top with water leaving about an inch of headspace and place lid on tightly. Place in a warm spot out of the sun. Warm being 68-80 degrees F.

Day 2-4(ish): Gently shake the jar 2-3 times a day. You may also want to “off-gas” the jar by opening the lid and closing it tight again. We are looking for effervescence, or carbonation, like a soda can being opened. The time it takes for the fruit to ferment will depend on the temperatures in your house. Use your sense of smell to ensure your ferment isn’t “off”…it should smell good and might start to get a boozy odor. This is good.

Day 5(ish): Once your ferment is active (fizzes like a soda being opened) it’s time to make your starter. Drain the fruit from the ferment water bring sure to RETAIN the water! In a non-metallic container mix 50g ferment water and 50g whole wheat flour until completely combined (no wet spots). It’s important to measure by weight and NOT volume. Water weighs more than flour!!! Place the lid securely and put back in your warm spot.

Eight to twelve hours later: Add an additional 50g ferment water and 50g whole wheat flour. Mix well so there are no dry spots. Secure lid and put it in a warm spot.

Eight to twelve hours later: Add 150g ferment water and 150g whole wheat flour. Secure lid and place in a warm spot for 4-8 hours. This will once again depend on the temperature in your house.

Is my starter ready??

After the last big feeding and rest, you will know if your starter is ready to use based on one of two methods. One, it will have doubled in size and have significant air pockets or bubbles. It will feel light and airy…kinda marshmallow-like (see video). Second, you can try a “float test”. I don’t usually do this but a lot of bakers swear by the float test. Basically you take a tiny amount of your starter and see if it will float in a little bowl of water. You have to be very gentle in handling the starter and carefully place it on the surface of the water so as not to deflate it. Otherwise, it will always sink.

Making Your Dough

This is a low hydration recipe that is slightly stiff and perfect for learning the basics. It’s easy to handle and makes a tasty loaf.

140g starter
240g water
400g white flour
9g salt

Start by mixing the starter and water until the starter is dissolved. Add flour and mix to combine so there are no wet spots. Cover and let rest 30 minutes. This is called autolyze.

After 30 minutes add salt and begin stretch and folds. Look at your dough as a compass having a North, South, East and West side. With wet hands, grab a section (North) and stretch it as best as possible then fold it on itself. Turn the bowl and grab the south section stretching and folding. Then do the same with the east and west sides. Cover and let sit in a warm, draft-free spot for roughly 45-60 minutes.

Repeat this process 4 more times. So, every 45-60 minutes you complete the stretch and fold cycle and then cover and let rest. After the last stretch and fold allow your dough to rest in a warm, draft-free spot for 1-3 hours (bulk ferment). Total time will depend on your house temperatures and the strength of your starter. With practice, you will get to know when your dough is ready to shape. It will feel very elastic-like and be smooth. You should be able to pick up a small section and stretch it thin before it tears (windowpane). And an indentation will remain after pushing a finger into the dough (if it bounces back it’s not ready).

It’s time to shape your loaf. Refer to the video to see how I shape my sourdough loaves. It will take practice but the main thing is to be gentle with the dough and to try to create a nice tight “skin”. I do not flour my work surface as the dough will absorb the flour and change the hydration. You can dampen your hands if needed (too damp and the dough will be slippery and you’ll have trouble shaping it).

Let the dough rest about 30 minutes, covered. If you’re baking the same day place your dutch oven or clay baker in the cold over and heat to 480 degrees F. Depending on your oven this will take 1-1.5 hours. You want to ensure the pot you’ll be baking in is as hot as your oven so don’t rush it!

Check your dough and gently reshape if needed. Dust with cornmeal or rice flour and place in a banneton or bowl so it holds its shape…smooth “top” side down. Cover and allow to rest while oven heats.

If you’re baking the following morning you can place the bowl in your fridge overnight.

Once the oven is at the proper temperature, fold a piece of high heat parchment paper in half (to hold the dough and act as a sling). Carefully remove the very hot dutch oven. Place the parchment paper over the bowl of dough and invert, gently coaxing the dough out being careful not to deflate it. If needed, use a dedicated brush to remove any extra flour from the dough and then score the top with a razor blade, lame or sharp knife. Using the parchment paper as a sling, carefully lower the dough into the dutch oven. Spray generously with water to create steam. Place lid on top.

This goes into the oven for 25 minutes. When the timer goes off remove the lid and place back in the oven for 20 additional minutes to complete the bake and to brown the top. Once done remove the bread from the dutch oven (I use tongs) and allow to cool for at least an hour. The baking process actually continues outside of the oven…cutting too soon will not give the best results.

Additional tips: 

1- If you’re baking the same day you can pop the shaped loaf in the bowl into the freezer for 30 minutes to make it easier to handle. It can go into the dutch oven cold.

2- If your bread is getting too brown or burning on the bottom you can place a pizza stone or cookie sheet on the rack below the one you place your dutch oven on. It will help redirect the heat. You can also try turning the oven temperature down to 450 degrees during the second half of the bake. If you have a brunt section you can use a cheese grater to remove it if necessary.

3- A scale is the number one thing that improved my bread making. Even a cheap scale will greatly improve your results.

4- I feel that I get better oven spring and nicer looking loaves when I bake the next day. Try it and see for yourself. When doing the next day bake heat the oven and dutch oven exactly as described. Leave your dough in the fridge until your oven is ready. You’ll be baking the dough directly from the fridge…do not let it come to room temp. Score, spray and bake as described above.

5- If your starter just doesn’t seem to be active try using whole wheat instead of white flour (for your starter only).

6- Practice, practice, practice. The more you practice and keep your starter going the better you’ll understand it. The starter will get stronger and will become a reflection of you and your area picking up yeasts and mixing with the air specific to your location.

I’ve mentioned it before…anyone can give you their favorite starter. You might even find someone to send you starter from Alaska or San Francisco. But eventually, it will adapt to your location, your flour, your air, your water, and your DNA. That makes it unique and why I call my bread McElmo Sourdough, since that’s where my starter lives. Your first loaves might not taste as sour as you’d like but the older your starter the more likely it will pick up the sour flavor. The overnight ferment will help too.

7- Get a thermometer for your oven to ensure it’s baking at the temperature you want.

8- Experiment! But first, save your starter. I’ve seen it before, someone is excited to bake bread and make sourdough pancakes. Next thing they know, they used all of their starter. Always be sure to save some starter…even if it’s just half a cup. Set it aside so you don’t accidentally use it up. As long as you save a little you can create more easily and quickly. Then you can divide it up and experiment to your heart’s content. Play around with different recipes, different flours, and different hydration levels. But always save a little of your original starter in case things go wrong. Otherwise, you have to start all over again.

9- Don’t panic. When you need a break from baking you can place your starter in the fridge for about 7 days. Then you’ll need to feed it. Eventually, you’ll have a lot of starter so you’ll need to decide if you want to make something out of it (look up sourdough discard recipes) or dump it. If you refuse to get rid of any starter you’ll soon realize that you need a massive, space-hogging container and a shit ton of flour. You see, the more starter you have the more food it needs. For example, a 102-pound, 5’1″ female doesn’t have the same calorie requirements as a 250-pound, 6’8″ male to maintain their weight and activity level. Right? Likewise, a 1/2 cup of starter doesn’t need to be fed as much as 3 cups of starter to maintain it’s health.

Signs that your starter is starving…grey liquid settling on top (called hooch) and/or it smells like acetone. Feed it ASAP! Sourdough starter is pretty resilient.

10- Baking after a starter hiatus. After being stored in the fridge, I like to feed my starter 3 times before I bake with it. That might look like this…Tuesday night, take out of fridge, feed it, leave in warm spot. Wednesday a.m, feed it and leave in warm spot. Wednesday p.m., feed it and leave in warm spot. Thursday, make dough, perform stretch and folds, shape and put in fridge. Friday a.m. Bake.

Here are all of the YouTube Videos in this Sourdough Tutorial:

{Scroll to the bottom of this post for a YouTube video I made showing the entire process…and subscribe while you’re there!}

If you asked me 2 years ago if I would ever ditch soy and nut milk{ for cow’s milk I’d have looked at you like you had two heads. Yet here I am…drinking a cow’s milk homemade latte as I type this post. What the hell happened??

I (Lynn) have been vegan for about 8 years (although not always strict) and a vegetarian since about 9th grade. I really didn’t miss dairy…especially since I got fairly good at making nut-based cheeses and homemade almond milk. But, after reading Animal, Vegetable, Miracle by Barbara Kingsolver I started to really think about things (like how far my food has to travel to get to me). And when I started to track our trash and recyclables I realized my choices in food and drink were often not sustainable. (Note that while Terra Cycle offers recycling options for some hard-to-recycle items like those aseptic milk cartons and the little plastic things daily, weekly or monthly contact lenses come in these items have to be shipped to faraway facilities that can actually handle that type of stuff. And just because your town has a recycling drop off point doesn’t mean it has a recycling facility).

Just a small fraction of the containers we have eliminated by switching to local raw milk in reused glass jars. This might be a week’s worth.

Once we settled here at Mutiny Ranch in small-town Colorado I found locating organic almonds at a reasonable price was impossible. I could get them shipped to me from afar but it wasn’t very cost-effective either. Feeling I had no options (if I wanted to stay vegan and place that above eating local) I started buying soy or almond milk in cartons. I also bought different soy milk in shelf-stable packs dedicated to making vegan yogurt (or commercial vegan yogurt in plastic containers). Then there was the vanilla creamer in plastic bottles and vegan creamer in little cartons. The non-recyclable trash piled up and we had to dedicate a large part of our sunroom to recycle storage because there’s no curbside recycling here (we have to haul it all to town and it has to be separated). Then…I read the book Junkyard Planet by Adam Minter and found out recycling is kind of a greenwashing, feel-good illusion that makes us think it’s not so bad to buy water in plastic bottles as long as we toss it in the recycle bin (not to sound all conspiracy theory but it’s not nearly the answer to our problems as we are led to believe and it’s not “clean”)**.

Let me tell you…the best way to motivate yourself toward zero-waste is to save up your recycling and trash and take a good, hard look at what’s going in there on a regular basis. 

In the midst of all of this, I was interning part-time at Fury’s Funny Farm where I learned to milk a cow. This is a cow who lives with her calf and her own mother. She is turned out to pasture and treated with love. I saw with my own eyes how she is cared for, what she eats and the quality of life she enjoys. I learned to take some of her milk (the calf was nursing too) and separate the cream to make butter and yogurt.

It was time to give cow’s milk a shot. The decision was three-fold…support a small local farm with sustainable practices, improve our health (there are, arguably, many health benefits that come with the use of raw dairy products) and reduce the amount of recyclable and non-recyclable waste.

I didn’t get ill or have any digestive issues so we started getting raw cow’s milk every week. With that milk, we are able to get cream for coffee (I make a sweet vanilla creamer substitute for Clark’s coffee), butter, ghee, yogurt, milk kefir, whey, and buttermilk. I sometimes make mozzarella cheese and ricotta. The whey (from the yogurt and cheese) gets added to the chicken feed or to the water I use to soak oatmeal or beans. The buttermilk gets added to bread dough (instead of water) or is frozen to use later in recipes or soap making. I try not to let any of these byproducts go to waste.

It may seem intimidating to make all of this yourself but it’s not difficult at all. And making butter (and ghee) is not only simple but it’s fast and rewarding (just wait till you taste it). You also don’t have to find a source for raw milk (although I would recommend it if possible) since almost all grocery stores carry cream (try to get organic and, if possible, grass-fed).

Here’s the low down:

Homemade Butter

The large jar is the milk after skimming the cream off the top. The small jar is the cream.

1) If you’re using milk straight from the cow, separate the cream from the butter (I use a soup ladle). The milk I get has a clear line of separation and, as they say, the cream rises to the top. In my one-gallon jars anywhere from 1/4 to 1/3 of the top is a thick cream.

My beloved Vitamix. It’s over 20 years old and still going strong.

2) Pour the cream into your blender.

3) Turn the blender on and slowly raise the speed until it’s at full speed. This just keeps the cream from splashing all over.

4) Wait patiently.

Hey! Whipped cream!!

5) Listen carefully for a change in sound from the blender. It’s a noticeable change because the cream is getting aerated and turning into whipped cream (the first stage).

6) You may need to turn off the blender and scrape down the sides if your cream is extra frothy. Slowly raise the speed of the blade again until it’s at full speed.

7) Listen for the change again. It shouldn’t take too long!

Butter flakes!

8) Turn off the blender and observe the little yellow chunks floating on top of the butter milk. Note: this entire process took me about 3 1/2 minutes including stopping for photos. =)

Straining off the buttermilk.

9) Pour contents of the blender into a wire mesh strainer with a bowl placed underneath. You’re now separating the butter from the buttermilk. Let it drain for a few minutes.

Squeeeezing out the buttermilk.

10) Dump the butter into a bowl and use a spoon to squeeze and press the butter. The goal is to remove as much of the liquid buttermilk as possible. Keep draining off the liquid. Once the butter starts to stick together you can rinse it under cold water…squeezing it in your hands or kneading it will help release the buttermilk. Your butter will taste fresher longer if you can get most of the buttermilk out. If you’re going to make ghee with your butter you don’t have to be as thorough as it will all get cooked off.

Ta Da! The finished product!

11) Season as desired. You can salt your butter and/or add herbs and spices. Basil butter is amazing but your options are really only limited by your imagination. Granted, it does take a lot of cream to make a little butter so you might want to start with some tried and true herbs before getting too creative. If you want to make ghee skip this step…don’t even add salt.

Just like regular butter you’ll want to keep this refrigerated, especially if you used raw cow’s milk. Food safety is important so educate yourself on handling raw milk and storing dairy products properly.

Homemade Ghee

Ghee is a form of clarified butter (here’s the Wikipedia page). The process of making ghee removes the milk from the fat so it is often tolerated by those with lactose issues. Ghee has a higher smoke point so it is better suited for some cooking applications which could burn the butter. It also has a nuttier flavor and smells divine. It’s used in traditional Indian cooking and in Ayurveda. It’s now my preferred fat (my unpreferred fat is on my hips).

1) Take your homemade butter and place it in a small saucepan (you can also use store or farmer’s market butter but I would recommend the unsalted version since the process of making ghee removes some of the liquid and can concentrate the salt).

2) Set the heat to low and allow your butter to slowly melt. I like to use my induction cooktop because it’s super-efficient and it gives me the option to choose a cooking temperature rather than guessing at low, medium and high heat settings.

3) Once the butter has melted turn the heat to medium-low or medium. A white foam will form on top of the butter. Stir slowly to keep things from sticking to the pan. Adjust to a lower setting if necessary…we want to simmer the butter slowly, not boil it or burn it.

Notice the liquid is cloudy and the foam is gathering together.

4) Keep a close eye on the butter. You’ll notice the foam will start to gather into groups and you’ll see the cloudy liquid underneath. You can stir occasionally to make sure nothing is sticking but try to let it do its thing. The foam will start to turn more toward large bubbles and there might be some milk solids or foam starting to stick to the sides of the pan. This is all good.

5) After a few minutes the white foamy top will start to become a mass of clear bubbles. The cloudy liquid will begin to become clearer.

6) Once the bubbles and liquid are all clear you’re almost done! Give it a stir and see the milk solids at the bottom of the pan. The liquid should take on a golden hue. The milk solids will turn golden (try not to allow them to burn!). Also, take a sniff. Ghee will have a butterscotch like smell. A good indication that it’s done is that it will began to form another foam. But I also recommend going by smell. And oh my gosh is it heavenly!

7) Using a fine mesh strainer lined with several layers of cheesecloth or, in a pinch, a coffee filter pour your ghee and allow it to drain. I place my desired container (a canning jar intended to handle the heat) directly under the strainer. Allow it to filter and then cool completely before adding the lid.

Isn’t this so beautiful!! Liquid gold!

Creamy, rich and delicious!

Ghee, made correctly, should be shelf-stable for a few weeks but I usually err on the side of caution and, since I make a lot of ghee, place it in the refrigerator (maybe one day I’ll have a cool root cellar where the temps don’t rise to 85 degrees in summer). The milk solids can be tossed or composted or even added to bread dough.

You can add salt or spices if you’d like but (so far) I’ve left mine plain and it is soooooo good.
Again, always practice food safety and research a variety of sources for health benefits or concerns since, you know, I’m not a doctor.

Here are the actual tools I use in the Mutiny Kitchen to make butter and ghee (and lots of other things!). The Vitamix listed below is a newer model of my 1993 version. Clicking these photos will take you to the products on Amazon using our affiliate links. It costs you nothing extra but may put a few dollars in our account which will help pay for our blogging costs. We appreciate your “clicks” and, in return, we promise to feature only products and tools we actually use and recommend to family and friends.

**Articles highlighting the failure of recycling
China’s ban on imported recycling
China Bans Foreign Waste
91% of Plastic Isn’t Recycled
The Problems For Recycling
Is Recycling Worth It

While we are trying to eliminate our need to use recycling we still create a lot of it. We recycle what we can but are trying to find alternatives by reducing our needs, reusing what we can, repurposing items in creative ways and refusing goods that are over-packaged when possible.